There is no definitive, widely accepted evidence of structures located 2 kilometers (approximately 1.2 miles) beneath the Pyramids of Giza based on current archaeological consensus. However, recent claims and studies have sparked interest and speculation about possible underground features in the Giza Plateau, particularly beneath the Pyramid of Khafre, one of the three main pyramids.
In March 2025, a press release and an unreviewed paper by researchers, including Corrado Malanga from the University of Pisa and Filippo Biondi from the University of Strathclyde, described findings from Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) scans. They reported detecting an extensive subterranean complex beneath the Khafre Pyramid, allegedly stretching 2 kilometers deep. According to their claims, this complex includes:
- **Five identical multi-level structures** near the pyramid’s base, featuring sloped roofs.
- **Eight vertical cylindrical wells**, each surrounded by spiral pathways, descending 648 meters (about 0.65 kilometers) below the surface.
- **Two cube-shaped structures**, approximately 80 meters wide, located deeper underground, potentially linked to the wells.
These findings have fueled speculation online, with some suggesting the pyramids might have served purposes beyond tombs—such as energy generation, a theory historically proposed by figures like Nikola Tesla. However, these claims remain controversial and unverified by mainstream Egyptology. The study has not been peer-reviewed, and experts have raised concerns about the interpretation of the radar data, suggesting the anomalies could be natural geological formations or artifacts of the imaging process rather than man-made structures.
For comparison, well-documented underground features at Giza, like the Subterranean Chamber beneath the Great Pyramid (Khufu’s Pyramid), are much shallower—cut into the bedrock about 30 meters below the base. Recent discoveries, such as an L-shaped structure found 2 meters deep in the Western Cemetery in 2023 using ground-penetrating radar, and a deeper anomaly 10–33 feet below, indicate underground features exist but are far less extensive than the 2-kilometer claim.
Without excavation or further peer-reviewed confirmation, the nature of any structures 2 kilometers beneath the pyramids remains speculative. Mainstream archaeology continues to view the pyramids primarily as tombs, supported by evidence like the Diary of Merer, which details limestone transport for Khufu’s pyramid. The 2-kilometer depth claim, while intriguing, lacks corroboration from established sources as of March 22, 2025, and should be treated with skepticism until more rigorous investigation occurs.