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Donald Trump and members of his family have been found liable or convicted of various fraudulent activities in both civil and criminal cases. Below is a summary of key instances where courts or legal proceedings have determined fraud involving Donald Trump or his family, based on widely reported and documented outcomes:
1. **Trump Organization Civil Fraud Case (New York, 2022-2024)**
- In September 2023, New York Judge Arthur Engoron ruled that Donald Trump, his sons Donald Trump Jr. and Eric Trump, and the Trump Organization committed fraud by inflating the value of their assets and net worth on financial statements for over a decade (2011-2021). The judge found they exaggerated Trump’s net worth by between $812 million and $2.2 billion to secure better loan terms, insurance deals, and tax benefits. Examples include:
- Overvaluing Trump’s Trump Tower penthouse by claiming it was nearly three times its actual size, leading to a valuation of $327 million.
- Valuing Mar-a-Lago at up to $739 million, despite its assessed value being no more than $28 million.
- Outcome: In February 2024, Engoron ordered Trump and his companies to pay $355 million, which, with interest, exceeds $450 million. Trump was banned from serving as an officer or director of any New York corporation for three years, and his sons faced two-year bans. The Trump Organization’s business licenses were initially ordered canceled, though this is under appeal.
2. **Trump Organization Criminal Tax Fraud (New York, 2022)**
- In December 2022, two Trump Organization entities (Trump Corp. and Trump Payroll Corp.) were convicted on 17 counts of criminal tax fraud and falsifying business records. The scheme involved a 15-year effort to evade taxes by providing top executives, like CFO Allen Weisselberg, with unreported perks (e.g., luxury apartments, car leases, and tuition payments) to reduce taxable income.
- Donald Trump was not personally charged, but prosecutors highlighted his awareness of the scheme, including signing checks and approving benefits. Weisselberg, who pleaded guilty to 15 felony tax charges, testified that Trump sanctioned the fraud.
- Outcome: The Trump Organization was fined $1.6 million, the maximum penalty allowed.
3. **Trump Foundation Fraud (New York, 2018-2019)**
- In 2018, New York Attorney General Letitia James (then Barbara Underwood) sued Donald Trump, Donald Trump Jr., Ivanka Trump, and Eric Trump, alleging the Donald J. Trump Foundation engaged in illegal self-dealing and fraud. The charity misused funds, including:
- Using $258,000 to settle personal legal disputes for Trump.
- Spending $10,000 on a portrait of Trump later displayed at one of his properties.
- Diverting funds to support Trump’s 2016 presidential campaign.
- Outcome: In 2019, Trump was ordered to pay $2 million in damages, and the Trump Foundation was shut down. Trump and his children were barred from running charities in New York, with the sons required to undergo mandatory training.
4. **Trump University Fraud (Federal, 2016)**
- In lawsuits filed in 2013 and 2016, former students accused Trump University—a for-profit real estate seminar business—of fraud, alleging it misled them with false promises of valuable education and mentorship from Trump. The program charged up to $35,000, but delivered little substance.
- Outcome: Trump settled three lawsuits (two class-action suits and one from New York AG) for $25 million in 2016, shortly after his election. He admitted no wrongdoing but agreed to pay to resolve the cases.
These cases represent the most prominent instances where Donald Trump or his family have been legally determined to have engaged in fraudulent conduct. The Trump Organization and Trump have consistently denied wrongdoing, often framing these rulings as politically motivated, and several are under appeal. However, these findings stem from judicial rulings and jury verdicts based on evidence presented in court.